The Grand Jury: Its Purpose and Function
Distinct Roles in the Criminal Justice System
Grand Juries vs. Trial Juries
Despite sharing the term "jury," grand juries and trial juries serve vastly different purposes within the criminal justice system.
Grand Jury: Determining Charges
A grand jury is responsible for determining whether there is sufficient evidence to bring criminal charges against a suspect. They do not determine guilt or innocence but rather investigate allegations and decide whether to issue an indictment.
Trial Jury: Rendering Verdicts
In contrast, a trial jury is empaneled to hear evidence and determine the guilt or innocence of an individual accused of a crime. They listen to witness testimony, review evidence, and deliberate to reach a verdict.
The Grand Jury Process
Grand jury proceedings are typically secretive, with no public access unless authorized by the court. A prosecutor presents evidence and witness testimony to the grand jury, who then deliberate to decide whether probable cause exists for an indictment.
Duration and Scope of Grand Juries
Grand juries generally serve for 18 to 24 months. They handle multiple cases during their tenure, considering the evidence and determining whether to indict individuals.
Importance of Grand Juries
Grand juries play a crucial role in protecting citizens from unfounded accusations and ensuring that criminal charges are supported by sufficient evidence. They provide a check on prosecutorial discretion and help to maintain the fairness and integrity of the criminal justice system.
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